IV.+Reading+Applications+Standard

=IV Reading Applications Standard=

**Informational, Technical and Persuasive Text** Students gain information from reading for the purposes of learning about a subject, doing a job, making decisions and accomplishing a task. Students need to apply the reading process to various types of informational texts, including essays, magazines, newspapers, textbooks, instruction manuals, consumer and workplace documents, reference materials, multimedia and electronic resources. They learn to attend to text features, such as titles, subtitles and visual aids, to make predictions and build text knowledge. They learn to read diagrams, charts, graphs, maps and displays in text as sources of additional information. Students use their knowledge of text structure to organize content information, analyze it and draw inferences from it. Strategic readers learn to recognize arguments, bias, stereotyping and propaganda in informational text sources.

**By the end of the K–3 program:** A. Use text features and structures to organize content, draw conclusions and build text knowledge. B. Ask clarifying questions concerning essential elements of informational text. C. Identify the central ideas and supporting details of informational text. D. Use visual aids as sources to gain additional information from text. E. Evaluate two- and three step directions for proper sequencing and completeness.

**By the end of the 4–7 program:** A. Use text features and graphics to organize, analyze and draw inferences from content and to gain additional information. B. Recognize the difference between cause and effect and fact and opinion to analyze text. C. Explain how main ideas connect to each other in a variety of sources. D. Identify arguments and persuasive techniques used in informational text. E. Explain the treatment, scope and organization of ideas from different texts to draw conclusions about a topic. F. Determine the extent to which a summary accurately reflects the main idea, critical details and underlying meaning of original text.

**Literary Text** Students enhance their understanding of the human story by reading literary texts that represent a variety of authors, cultures and eras. They learn to apply the reading process to the various genres of literature, including fables, tales, short stories, novels, poetry and drama. They demonstrate their comprehension by describing and discussing the elements of literature (e.g., setting, character and plot), analyzing the author’s use of language (e.g., word choice and figurative language), comparing and contrasting texts, inferring theme and meaning and responding to text in critical and creative ways. Strategic readers learn to explain, analyze and critique literary text to achieve deep understanding.

**By the end of the K–3 program:** A. Compare and contrast plot across literary works. B. Use supporting details to identify and describe main ideas, characters and setting. C. Recognize the defining characteristics and features of different types of literary forms and genres. D. Explain how an author’s word choice and use of methods influences the reader. E. Identify the theme of a literary text. **By the end of the 4–7 program:** A. Describe and analyze the elements of character development. B. Analyze the importance of setting. C. Identify the elements of plot and establish a connection between an element and a future event. D. Differentiate between the points of view in narrative text. E. Demonstrate comprehension by inferring themes, patterns and symbols. F. Identify similarities and differences of various literary forms and genres. G. Explain how figurative language expresses ideas and conveys mood.

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